As summer progresses and weather conditions change, now is the time to focus on preventing disease in weanlings this autumn. Weanling pneumonia is the leading cause of death in cattle aged six to 12 months in Ireland, accounting for over 40% of deaths in this age group.
Pneumonia can be bacterial, viral or parasitic.
The main bacterial causes are Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis, while the most important viral causes are BRSV, PI3, IBR.
Lungworm remains the key parasitic cause.
The first risk factor to address is lungworm.
Monitor animals closely for the first signs of coughing and dose promptly, where appropriate.
Warm, humid weather increases the risk of lungworm infection and heavy burdens can damage lung tissue and obstruct the airways, resulting in hoose pneumonia.
Unlike gut worms, lungworm can be difficult to diagnose using faecal samples, as infected animals may not be shedding larvae.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), performed by your vet, is often the most reliable diagnostic test.
Discuss the most suitable parasite control programme for your farm with your vet.
Once lungworm has been addressed, the next step is vaccination.
Vaccinating young stock in August ensures immunity is established before major stress events such as weaning, transport, bad weather and housing.
Intranasal vaccines generally provide around three months’ protection against viral pneumonia after a single dose.
Injectable vaccines require two doses, three to four weeks apart, but typically provide around six months’ protection and may cover both viral and bacterial pneumonia.
The most appropriate vaccine and protocol will depend on your farm.
Remember that vaccination works best alongside good management, including adequate ventilation, avoiding overcrowding and maintaining effective parasite control.
Marie Louise Ryan, XLVets, Mulcair Vets
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