Over the past number of years, registration data highlights the growing popularity of wheel loaders, telehandlers and pivot-steer loaders on Irish farms.

This rise has led to an increase in the number of used machines becoming available, attracting a different type of buyer, typically farmers who either don’t need or can’t justify the cost of a new machine.

Oftentimes, buying a used machine can be a bit of a lucky dip if its history isn’t known or if the machine isn’t inspected before purchase.

The challenge is to locate a machine that has been well maintained and cared for. These machines are out there, it’s just a matter of finding them. Buying from a reputable dealer will increase these chances and often provide peace of mind.

General Condition

A quick visual check can reveal a lot about how a machine has been treated. Damage to large body panels like the bonnet should be noted, as replacements can be costly. Ideally lights, mirrors, and glass should be intact. Although they are relatively inexpensive to replace, their absence tends to tell more about how the machine was cared for by the previous owner more than anything.

Start the machine and let it idle for 5–10 minutes before test driving. While idling, check that the Load Monitor Indicator (LMI) is functioning properly. These systems are a critical safety feature on all telescopic loaders.

Upon close inspection, look for plates and labels on components and check that date stamps align with the machine’s age. For instance, a 2010 model with a hydraulic pump stamped 2016 likely indicates that it was replaced etc. Although the reason for replacement could be genuine and done professionally, it’s worth knowing.

Over the years, farmers have shared stories of buying machines that seemed genuine, only to later discover service stickers/ECU show far more hours than claimed. Where possible, buy a machine that has a known service history and ensure that wear matches the hours, ie a machine with 1,000 hours shouldn’t have bald tyres.

Where possible, verify that the serial number on the VIN plate matches those found elsewhere on the machine. Report any inconsistencies to the dealer.

Cab

The condition of the cab often reflects how well the machine was maintained. Check that all functions work as intended, especially all joystick functions and boom related switches, including boom suspension etc.

Inspect the dashboard for warning lights and monitor the temperature gauge; it shouldn’t exceed halfway unless under heavy load. If a reversible fan is fitted, ensure it operates correctly.

Wear and tear

Consistent servicing and greasing are key to any machine’s longevity. On articulated loaders, inspect high-wear areas like the central pivot point, steering rams, bushes, and pins as re-bushing can be expensive.

Neglected pins and bushes can lead to damage in the housing or frame, requiring specialist repairs. Factor the condition of these components into your assessment.

To check main pivot wear, apply downward pressure with the implement until the front wheels lift. Watch for movement at the pivot point and if the boom frame shifts more than 20mm toward the windscreen, it suggests significant wear. Proceed with caution and notify the seller.

Excessive pin wear may indicate poor greasing or heavy use. A well-maintained, low-hour machine shouldn’t need replacements, but don’t dismiss one that’s had this work done if the hours justify it.

Tyre condition should be considered as it affects valuation and can hint at usage levels. The headstock typically sees the most wear due to constant movement and bucket shaking. Lack of grease accelerates wear. Ensure locking pins are operating as they should do.

Extend the boom fully and inspect for cracks, bends, or lateral movement. Grease should be visible on the boom walls; screeching during extension signals poor lubrication. Most booms have wear pads, so check their condition.

Engine

The engine should be clean, dry, and run smoothly without excessive smoke. Ask about service history and check the oil (when cold) using the dipstick. Oil should be viscous and not overly black. Thick, dark oil suggests overdue servicing.

Inspect the breather pipe underneath for oil drips or smoke. Smoke may point to issues like head gasket failure etc. Check the radiator for damage and ensure coolant levels are correct and leak-free. Coolant should be clean, not rusty or oily. Again, inspect the engine for signs that may indicate it was previously worked with. Perhaps the turbo looks new in comparison to the rest of the block. Traces of repair and new parts/components tend to be fairly noticeable.

Transmission and axles

The easiest way to check a power-shift transmission is to drive the machine forward and in reverse in each gear, which it should do smoothly and at its ease with no slippage. Generally, a well-minded transmission should see a loader through its lifetime.

Depending on how many hours the machine has clocked up and the work done, the brakes may need to be replaced. The brakes should react to force being applied to the pedal. Axle hubs should be checked for any leakages and that oil is in good condition and at the right level.

Hydraulics

The easiest way to check the hydraulics is to test all functions and ensure they are responsive at the same time.

The boom should be extended while lifting and tilting it at the same time. These functions should work comfortably together. While test driving, test out the boom suspension that it works. Check for leaks and/or perished hoses. Ram seals should be checked for leaks too. If an internal seal is damaged, it can be a costly job to replace.

An overdue hydraulic oil and filter service interval will slow the hydraulic system and again indicate how well the machine was previously cared for. The condition of the oil should also be checked. Milky looking oil is usually a sign that water is present.

Where possible, consult with someone who has experience running and/or fixing the machine you intend to buy as they will know the common faults of that particular make/model to look out for.