Calf starter concentrates are extremely important in developing the rumen of young calves. Concentrate intake is also very important in achieving a smooth transition from milk to solid diet without any checks in growth rates.

The question comes up every year as to which is best – calf pellets or coarse calf concentrate mix.

A concentrate mix with flaked maize included will stimulate better intakes and will also increase saliva secretion and help rumen development. Calf pellets can be added in gradually after a few weeks. Calf ration should be made available to calves from seven to 10 days to encourage intakes. Make sure the ration isn’t too dusty as this won’t encourage intakes and could increase the risk of respiratory issues in calves.

Ration specification

Look for ingredients such as flaked maize, rolled barley, soya, peas, beet pulp and molasses. Toasted and flaked ingredients tend to be a little more expensive. Aim for an 18% crude protein on an as-fed basis. Energy should be high supplied from a grain base. An energy density of 0.95 UFL or above is recommended.

Oil content can be up to 4%. A fibre content of 8% to 10% is needed to prevent digestive upsets. Make sure the ration is also balanced for minerals and vitamins.

How much to feed?

Calves should have access to concentrates from an early age. A small amount of fresh feed should be offered each day to encourage intakes. By three weeks of age, the calf should be eating small amounts of hay and meal. By 12 weeks of age the rumen should be fully developed and if the calf is eating 1kg/day, the calf can be gradually weaned.

To avoid growth checks, 1kg/day should be fed for a few weeks after weaning. As a management tool, some farmers continue to feed 1kg/day at grass as an insurance policy.

Good grassland management is essential in achieving high weight gains.